Peeling

Consists of removing the most superficial part of facial skin upon the application of a chemical agent, mostly acid, to improve the aspect of the surface wrinkles, to reduce skin damage from the acne, to eliminate age spots and reduce damage of skin exposure to sunlight.
Peeling has the role of eliminating much faster than naturally occurring substances on the surface, irregular pigmentation, giving skin more freshness, hydrating, increasing blood circulation and bringing oxygen to the tissue.BASIC INDICATIONS OF PEELING ARE:

• removing the surface layer of the epidermis,
• equalization of irregularities,
• eliminating keratosis on the face,
• eliminating age spots, melanin and age pigmentation stains,
• reducing or eliminating surface wrinkles on the skin,
• reduction of the pores on the face,
• regulating grease production,
• acting to acne and comedone,
• reduction of acne scars,
• skin rejuvenation,
• affects skin aging,
• used in combination with revitalizing techniques (intradermal, carboxytherapy, phototherapy, radiofrequency, laser, etc.).

THE MOST USED SUBSTANCES FOR CHEMICAL PEELING ARE:

• • alpha hydroxyl acids which are organic acids (mono, bi and three carboxylic and keto acids);
  • glycolic acid (obtained by the fermentation of sugar cane) – used to give tone and freshness to the face, even in young people, after accumulating free radicals;
  • citric acid (ingredient in fruit);
  • lactic acid (obtained from sour milk);
  • tartaric acid (obtained from the aged wine),
  • malic acid (obtained by apple fermentation);
  • mandelic acid (almond ingredient) – due to its composition, is most often used in acne treatments;
  • pyruvic acid, which is in fact alpha-keto acid (obtained from tartaric acid pyrolysis) and used for treatments: acne in the active phase and against acne scars, rosacea due to its antiseptic and bacteriostatic action, seborrhoeic dermatitis, for various keratoses, for thin wrinkles, for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, for melasma and chloasma;
  • salicylic acid – used to treat skin aging and weaker or moderate acne condition;
  • retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative; used for the treatment of melasma, dischromia, small surface wrinkles, remains of acne scars;
  • resorcinol (m-di-hydroxybenzene or methadiphenol), which is a benzene component, by structure and chemistry similar to phenol;
  • Jessner Solution – Mixture of lactic acid, salicylic acid and resorcinol in alcoholic solution; is considered to be one of the best peels due to the effect of refreshing and whitening epidermal pigmentation, even after some treatment;
  • trichloroacetate (T.C.A.) – used for the treatment of wrinkles, surface and deep spots, of major acne scars;
  • phenol is derived from benzene, can be used only in the hospital under total anesthesia.